Flood Pattern variation in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study on Water Quantity and Rainfall Data from 1992 to 2022

Abstract

Flood disasters cause crucial impacts on the social development and economy of Pakistan so inclusive research is needed to understand the dynamics and prevent difficulties. It is a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates water rising or falling cases rainfall patterns, and socioeconomic effects. By analyzing the literature and performing the empirical flood state of the following regions in Pakistan: space and time variability we investigate. Through the analysis, we identified huge fluctuations in the water flow on the main rivers and dams which were affected by the pronounced seasonal patterns in rainfall and snowmelt, especially from Punjab, KPK, and Kashmir. The record rainfall data from the years 1922 to 2022 signifies the unpredictable pattern of extreme weather events, with certain years such as 1992, 2010, and 2011 marked by records of floods as a result of the disastrous events. Most importantly, socio-economic analysis deals with the sport and the rising losses that occur due to flooding, among which are loss of lives, losses of livestock, crop failures, and the extent of the affected area. It reveals how the lack of holistic flood management that focuses on both community resilience and early warning systems and the sustainability of development practices should be a priority. The presentation of rainfall distribution across Pakistan from 1992 to 2022 in bar charts and maps provides a clear spatial and temporal illustration of the change in precipitation patterns. It also accentuates the way adaptive water management and flood-tolerant infrastructure systems should be adopted to deal with such extreme weather events. In general, the research can be considered a breakthrough in the study of flood dynamics in Pakistan and provides invaluable information for the country's decision-makers, disaster management bodies, and community organizations for improving flood resiliency and minimizing the cost of social-economic impacts of future floods.