Urdu Adaptation and Validation of Team Process Survey Measure for Firefighters

Abstract

Firefighting relies on effective teamwork, yet firefighters often work in rapidly assembled teams rather than fixed units. Existing teamwork scales fail to capture these unique dynamics. This study aimed to adapt, translate, and validate the 10-item short form of the Team Process Survey Measure (TPSM) (Mathieu et al., 2020) into Urdu for Pakistani firefighters. The research was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, TPSM was translated into Urdu using a standardized forward and backward translation method. A pilot study with 52 firefighters from nine major districts confirmed linguistic equivalence (r = .81). Cross-language validation, assessed by administering both versions with a two-day gap, yielded satisfactory results. Phase II examined the scale’s psychometric properties through EFA and CFA with a sample of 400 firefighters (200 for each). EFA identified a three-factor structure with 10 items, each with a minimum factor loading of .70. CFA confirmed a good model fit (χ² = 57.40, df = 32, p< .000, CFI = .98, GFI = .94, RMSEA = .06). The scale showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .93). The findings establish the Urdu TPSM as a valid and reliable tool for assessing team dynamics in firefighting, making it useful for future research and practical applications.