Urdu Adaptation and Validation of Cognitive Appraisal Scale for Firefighters

Abstract

Firefighting is a highly stressful occupation, requiring firefighters to face high-risk situations while protecting lives and property. Understanding their cognitive appraisal of occupational stress is crucial for assessing its impact. This study translated, adapted, and validated the 15-item Cognitive Appraisal Scale (CAS) into Urdu for Pakistani firefighters. Using a standardized forward-backward translation method, Phase I ensured linguistic accuracy. A pilot study with 52 firefighters from nine districts confirmed equivalence (r = .81). Cross-language validation, assessed with a two-day interval between administrations, showed satisfactory results. Phase II evaluated the scale’s psychometric properties using EFA and CFA with a sample of 400 firefighters (200 for each). EFA identified a five-factor structure with all 15 items loading above .60. CFA confirmed a good model fit (χ² = 136.30, df = 80, p< .00, CFI = .98, GFI = .92, RMSEA = .05, α = .83). In conclusion, the Urdu CAS is a valid, reliable tool for evaluating firefighters' stress appraisal.