Evolution of Identity Politics: A Case Study of the Muhajir Quami Movement in Pakistan

Abstract

In order to address the sociopolitical issues that the Muhajir community—a group of migrants who moved to urban Sindh following the 1947 partition—faced, the Muhajir Quami Movement (MQM) was established in 1984. After initially concentrating on defending the rights of Muhajirs, the party expanded to become a more comprehensive political organisation that supported urban dwellers, especially in Hyderabad and Karachi. Strong leadership, particularly Altaf Hussain, who was instrumental in mobilising support and advancing the party's agenda, greatly influenced the MQM's development. The party's motto, "Rights for All," embodies its dedication to social welfare and inclusivity, and the kite, which serves as its emblem, stands for freedom, resiliency, and advancement. With significant election participation, the MQM has been a major political force in Pakistan, especially in urban areas. The party grew over time its advocacy for a more inclusive political system by shifting its focus from Muhajir-only issues to urban electorate concerns. This essay looks at the MQM's beginnings, leadership, changing tactics, and electoral involvement in addition to its noteworthy influence on Pakistan's sociopolitical environment. The study sheds light on the party's nuanced influence on Pakistani political discourse and policy.