Moral and Political Justifications for Slavery in Early American and Barbary Coast Societies: Reflections in Literature and Diplomacy
Abstract
This research paper examines the contrasting moral and political justifications for slavery in early American and Barbary Coast societies using Edward Said's Postcolonial Theory, particularly his concepts of Orientalism and the construction of the "Other." By analyzing literary works, diplomatic correspondences, and political rhetoric from the 18th and 19th centuries, the study reveals how both American and Barbary Coast narratives reflected and critiqued each other's practices, uncovering inherent hypocrisies and cultural constructs that sustained their respective justifications for slavery. The analysis begins with American literary reflections on slavery, focusing on Joseph Hanson’s poem "The Musselmen Humbled" (1806) and Royall Tyler’s novel "The Algerine Captive" (1797). These works illustrate the moral implications of Barbary Coast slavery while highlighting the contradictions of American slavery. Hanson’s poem reinforces the dichotomy between "civilized" Americans and "barbaric" Barbary Coast inhabitants, whereas Tyler’s narrative critiques American slavery by drawing parallels with Barbary captivity. Barbary Coast literature, including James Riley’s "An Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig Commerce" (1817), provides a perspective that humanizes Barbary inhabitants and challenges the simplistic moral dichotomy prevalent in American narratives. Riley’s account emphasizes shared humanity and moral complexities, suggesting that ethical considerations transcend cultural boundaries. The study also examines diplomatic and political rhetoric, such as Thomas Jefferson's correspondence and William Eaton’s letters, to explore the selective moral outrage and hypocrisy in American critiques of Barbary slavery. Conversely, Barbary diplomatic narratives often justified their practices as retaliatory measures against European aggression and as economic necessities. Through this comparative analysis, the research uncovers the ideological constructs that justified slavery in both societies, highlighting the complex interplay between ideology, morality, and power. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of historical and contemporary discussions on human bondage and underscores the importance of critically examining historical narratives to reveal cultural and ideological underpinnings.