Optimizing Efficiency: Mitigating Food Loss and Waste in Vegetable Supply Chain

Abstract

Efficiency challenges persist throughout the agricultural food system, manifesting as food waste and loss across various points of the supply chain—from producers to intermediaries, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. This study examines these inefficiencies specifically within the supply chains of three key vegetable commodities: tomato, onion, and potato in Rawalpindi district, Punjab, Pakistan. Through a multistage sampling approach, data were collected from 127 stakeholders, including commission agents, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Results highlight tomato as consistently experiencing the highest levels of food waste and loss across all supply chain stages, followed by onion and potato. Major inefficiencies identified are poor transport systems, improper packaging, and supply delays, leading to significant monetary losses at household and national levels. Addressing these inefficiencies can significantly reduce waste and enhance food security, promoting a more sustainable supply chain.